THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS OF THE HERB OF DAHLIA NYMPHAEALES OF KEN’S FLAME CULTIVAR

Many plants consist of volatile substances, these substances possess a variety of pharmacological effects on the human body, the main ones are analgesic, anti-inflammatory, healing, antimicrobial, soothing, and so on. The aim was to study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatile substances of the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken’s Flame cultivar by chromatography-mass spectrometry. For the study an Agilent Technology 6890 gas chromatograph with the mass spectrometric detector 5973 was used. As the result of the research 46 substances have been determined, among them 43 substances have been identified. It has been found that sesquiterpinoids – α-kadinol, globulol, vulgarol A, spathulenol, allo-spathulenol were dominant among all groups of compounds identified. The quantitative content of this group was 21.9% of the total amount of compounds. The content of both sesquiterpenoids and fatty acids was the same (17.7% each). Sesquiterpinoids were represented by 10 compounds: aromadendren, allo-aromadendren, β-Elemen, β-farnezen, germacrene D, germacrene B, shyobunon, farnezen, δ-kadinen, β-sesquiphellandrene. Shiobunon prevailed among sesquiterpinoids (210.81 mg/g). The fatty acids were represented by 4 compounds: palmitoleic acid, palmitic

Volatile substances are widespread in the plant world, and possess a number of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, sedative, analgesic, etc. Essential oils affect the high blood pressure, expand coronary vessels and improve the human sleep [3,4,7,8,[10][11][12].
Within the systemic analysis of the chemical composition of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar a number of studies on the qualitative composition of organic acids, amino acids, macro-and microelements, vitamins was carried out [1, 6,11]. Previous microscopic analysis of the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar shows that the epidermis of leaves and flowers have the characteristic glandular structures that accumulate essential oils and other volatile compounds [2]. Therefore, it is advisable to study the composition of volatile compounds contained in the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar.
The aim was to study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatile substances in Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar by chromatographymass spectrometry.

Materials and Methods
For the experiment the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar was used. It was collected in the flowering period (September, 2013) in Kharkiv region and dried to air-dry state. Volatile compounds in the raw material were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil was obtained by water distil-lation. For distillation of volatiles 22 ml Agilent vials with open lids and a silicone stopper were used.
Tridecane was used as an internal standard. According to the procedure 10 ml of water was added to the sample, and distillation of volatile substances with water vapour was conducted for 2 h under reflux. The substances adsorbed after cooling the system were washed by adding 3 ml of especially pure pentane into a dry 10 ml vial. Washouts were concentrated by blowing (100 ml/min) of especially pure nitrogen to the residual volume of the extract (10 mcl) completely collected with the chromatographic syringe. Further concentration of the sample was conducted in the syringe to the volume of 2 mcl.
The composition of volatile substances was studied on an Agilent Technology 6890 gas chromatograph with the mass spectrometric detector 5973. For the analysis the INNOWAX chromatographic capillary column (the column length -30 m, the internal diameter -0.25 mm) was used, the carrier gas was helium with the speed of 1.2 ml/min. The introduction of the sample was carried with separation of the flow 1/50. The thermostat temperature was 50°C to 220°C at the rate of 4º/min. The temperature of the detector and the evaporator was 250°C. The sample was injected in a splitless mode (without the flow separation) to the chromatographic column (2 mcl), the rate of the sample introduction was 1.2 ml/min for 0.2 min. To identify the components the libraries of NISTO5 and WILEY 2007 mass spectra with the total number of more than 470000 spectra were used along with AMDIS and NIST identification programmes [5,9].

Results and Discussion
According to the data of the chromatography-mass spectrometry study 46 compounds have been found in the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar. Among them 43 substances have been identified (Table).
The amount of phenols (methyl-trans-eugenol, cismethyleugenol), aldehydes (nonanal, decanal, tetradecanal, octadecanal) and sesquiterpene oxides (caryophyllene oxide) in Dahlia herb was equal -1.2% each. The content of monoterpene alcohols (linalool, terpineol) in Dahlia herb was in trace amount (0.32%). CONCLUSIONS 1. For the first time chromatography-mass spectrometry has been applied to study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatile compounds in the herb of Dahlia Nymphaeales of Ken's Flame cultivar. Among them 43 substances have been identified, and their quantitative content has been determined.