ANALYSIS OF THE CAR FIRST AID KITS OF UKRAINE AND GREAT BRITAIN ACCORDING TO THE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS

Many deaths in consequence of road traffic accidents could be prevented if first aid was given to the victim prior to the arrival of ambulances. This will require the presence of a first aid kit in a vehicle, the contents of which can provide aid in case of road traffic accidents and other injuries. First aid is the aid provided to the person, who suffered from sudden injury or illness. It includes a set of skills that have theoretical support and require some training. Today there are two regulations such as Order No. 187 and DSTU 3961-2000, and there are differences in the contents of the car first aid kit in Ukraine. The normative documents have been studied, and the difference between the contents of the car first aid kits in Ukraine and Great Britain has been determined. A comparative analysis has shown that citizens of Ukraine are more prepared for adverse situations that may arise in case of a road traffic accident. It is shown by the presence of drugs needed in case of emergency, while the British first aid kit contains mostly plasters and bandages. It has been also found that there is a difference in labelling of storage cases.

Every year hundreds of thousands of people are seriously injured or killed in consequence of road traffic accidents (RTA). Taking into account the increasing number of vehicles such statistics in the future will increase [7,10]. To prevent this, the General Assembly of UN (dated 02.03.2010) adopted the resolution, which declared the years of 2011-2020 as Decade of Action on Road Safety [6]. It should be noted that many deaths in consequence of road traffic accidents could be prevented if first aid was given to the victim prior to the arrival of ambulances. This will require the presence of a first aid kit in a vehicle, the contents of which can provide aid in case of road traffic accidents and other injuries.
First aid is the aid provided to the person, who suffered from sudden injury or illness. It includes a set of skills that have theoretical support and require some training.
For this purpose the British Red Cross, for example, offers video training sessions on first aid in situations such as heavy bleeding, heart attack, fractures and many others. In training on first aid the teams of St John's Ambulance help to the British. They have a wide variety of training courses, including many sections, throughout the country.
There are countries where one must have the car first aid kit by law, e.g. in Austria, Croatia, Great Britain, and there are countries where its presence in the car is not regulated by law, but highly recommended, e.g. in Belgium, Denmark, and Germany.
The aim of the work was to carry out analysis of normative documents regulating completeness of the car first aid kit in Ukraine and Great Britain, compare and characterize their contents.

Materials and Methods
The contents of the car first aid kit for compliance with the Order of the Ministry of Public Health of Uk-raine No. 187 dated 07.07.1998 and DSTU 3961-2000 dated 01.07.2000 "Car first aid kit. General requirements" and the EU kit with the contents regulated by the standard DIN13164 dated 01.01.1999, including the car first aid kit of Great Britain by the standard BS8599-2 dated 01.02.2014 have been studied [3,5,12].

Results and Discussion
The car first aid kit is a complex of medical devices used to provide first aid to victims of the accident and in the current operation. The list of the contents of the car first aid kit in Ukraine is given in Tab. 1 [4].
According to the Order No. 187 there are two types of kits: car kit-1 -for passenger cars and trucks (up to 9 passengers); car kit-2 -for passenger vehicles -buses (the carriage of more than 9 passengers) [5].
Car first aid kits are manufactured according to DSTU 3961-2000. It should be noted that currently, in the Order No. 187 and DSTU 3961-2000, there are differences in the contents of the car first aid kit regarding the availability of nitroglycerin, bactericidal plasters, scissors, gloves, pins and the amounts of butorphanol tartrate, which are not regulated at the state level [1].
Kits must be enclosed in separate sealed plastic bags, which have an information sticker indicating the purpose of the car first aid kit (car first aid kit-1 or car first aid kit-2); number of the kit, medical products included in the bag, and their number [3].
The state register of medical equipment and medical products includes several producers of car first aid kits: • Private Joint-Stock company "Viola" pharmaceutical factory, Ukraine; • Private Joint-Stock company "AV-Farma", Ukraine; • Limited liability company "Kyiv Pharmaceutical Society", Ukraine; • Private Joint-Stock company "Eximed", Ukraine [2]. Manufacturers offer two types of packaging for kits: a fabric case (cotton satin weave) or a plastic case.
The car kits under study are marked by these manufacturers and contain information about the purpose (car first aid kit-1, car first aid kit-2); they are not damaged and are fully packaged. Of all the drugs that are in the car kit butorphanol tartrate, nitroglycerin and solution of iodine have shorter shelf life. Because of this fact the recommended shelf life of car kits is 2 years. Such kit components as bandage, tourniquet, dressing kerchief have the longest shelf life -up to five years. Therefore, it is recommended to renew promptly or replace medicines after use or expiration.
In the UK the content of the car first aid kits is regulated by the British standard -BS8599-2 developed by the British Standards Institute (BSI) in 2014. The new national standard for first aid in cars became effective from February of 2014. This document aims to improve safety for all motorists in the UK.
Standard BS 8599-2 specifies the requirements to the content of components of the car kit and is presented in three sizes (small, medium, large). The size of the car kit required for a certain type of a motor vehicle is determined by the size and number of passengers. A small kit BS8599-2 is for moped, motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) (maximum 3 passengers). The medium Table 1 The list of the contents of the car first aid kit in Ukraine Used to protect the rescuer and the casualty when carrying out artificial lung ventilation by the "mouth-to-mouth method. " Helps to avoid direct contact with mouth, nose (saliva or blood) of the victim 20% Sulfacyl sodium -1 ml in a unit-dose syringe There are several rules for labelling. It is allowed to put a white cross on a green background, or a green cross on a white background on the kit. The International Organization for Standards adopted this standard to facilitate the search of the kit for anyone who needs first aid. Sometimes kits are marked by a red cross on a white background, but the use of this emblem is permitted only to the International Committee of the Red Cross [11]. Otherwise it is considered as a violation of the terms of the First Geneva Convention adopted by the European Union.
CONCLUSIONS Today there are two regulations such as Order No. 187 and DSTU 3961-2000, and there are differences in the contents of the car first aid kit in Ukraine. The normative documents have been studied, and the difference between the contents of the car first aid kits in Ukraine and Great Britain has been determined. A comparative analysis has shown that citizens of Ukraine are more prepared for adverse situations that may arise in case of a road traffic accident. It is shown by the presence of drugs needed in case of emergency, while the British first aid kit contains mostly plasters and bandages. It has been also found that there is a difference in labelling of storage cases.