News of Pharmacy

The technology for obtaining a thick extract of mountain knotgrass (Aerva lanata)

O. O. Veretilnyk, M. V. Buriak — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To substantiate the parameters of the technological process for obtaining a thick extract of mountain knot
grass (Aerva lanata), study the main production stages, and develop a technology for manufacturing the thick extract.
Materials and methods. The study object was dried and crushed Aerva lanata herb harvested during the phase
of active flowering. The raw material met the requirements of the pharmacopoeial monograph: moisture ≤ 12 %, no
impurities, a faint specific odor, and a slightly bitter herbal taste. Before the extraction, the raw material was crushed to
a particle size of 1–3 mm, providing the optimal mass transfer without excessive swelling. Percolation was used as the
primary extraction method. Filtration was carried out through a Nutsch filter. The extract was concentrated in a rotary
evaporator at 50 °C under vacuum. The technological parameters were monitored throughout the process (time, tem
perature, moisture, dry residue content). To ensure the reliability of the results, all experimental measurements were
performed in three parallel repetitions (n = 3). The data obtained were processed using methods of variation statistics,
with the determination of the mean value and standard deviation (M ± SD).
Results. The resulting thick extract of Aerva lanata had a dark-brown color, characteristic odor, and a dense con
sistency. The yield averaged 25 % of the dry raw material mass meeting the requirements of the monograph for thick
extracts of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. According to literature data, the raw material of Aerva lanata contains
f
lavonoids (rutin, quercetin), saponins, alkaloids, and free potassium salts responsible for its diuretic activity. By its
organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, the extract obtained meets the requirements of the pharmacopoeial
monograph “Thick Extracts”. The technological parameters have been worked out, and the technological flowchart for
obtaining the final product – a thick extract of Aerva lanata has been developed.
Conclusions. A technology for obtaining a thick extract of mountain knotgrass (Aerva lanata) has been developed;
it involves the raw material preparation, extraction, filtration, and concentration. The results confirm its prospects for
the development of diuretic and nephroprotective drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.

Branched-chain amino acids: market analysis, use and prospects for creating domestic dietary supplements

N. V. Dvinskykh, N. V. Khokhlenkova, O. S. Kaliuzhnaia, O. V. Filiptsova — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are key to the muscle metabolism, recovery, and energy supply, making them in demand in sports nutrition and medicine. The BCAA encapsulation increases their stability and bioavailability. The relevance of creating domestic competitive dietary supplements with BCAA is due to the growing demand and promising use for medical and sports practice.

Aim. To study the current state of the use of branched-chain amino acids in the world and Ukraine, analyze market trends, market segmentation by type and form of BCAA-based products and the encapsulation technology in order to substantiate the prospects for creating domestic competitive dietary supplements for sports, medical practice and health maintenance.

Materials and methods. The study used the bibliosemantic method of analyzing information from scientific publications, which is combined with other research methods, such as the comparative, logical, marketing and content analysis. The BCAA market review was conducted using data from analytical reports and research available online. The assortment analysis of BCAA-based products was conducted using data from open sources, in particular, official websites of manufacturers and market places. The information was searched using the following keywords: branched-chain amino acids, BCAA, health effects, dietary supplement, supplements to the diet of athletes, bioavailability, encapsulation, etc. in the Google search engine.

Results. The analysis of scientific literature data has shown that BCAAs are important biologically active substances that are widely used in sports practice, medicine and pharmacy. Leucine, isoleucine and valine affect glucose metabolism, immunity, lipolysis, cardiometabolic health and cancer processes. They are effective in sports nutrition, muscle recovery, prevention of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and immune support. The physiological and metabolic properties of BCAAs have been analyzed, which prove their prospects for use as dietary supplements. It has been found that the BCAA market in the world has stable growth with a projected total annual growth rate of at least 3.5 %. Data on the structure of the product market by type and ratio of amino acids, by the share of products for sports practice are presented. The main trends of the BCAA product market in Ukraine and the world have been identified. The release forms of BCAA products for sports practice have been analyzed. It has been found that the largest share is represented by dosage forms in the form of powders. Aspects of the encapsulation technology have been considered, and its prospects for creating a dietary supplement with BCAAs have been substantiated.

Conclusions. These studies open up prospects for expanding the range of products containing BCAAs, in particular by creating dietary supplements intended for use in sports practice and maintaining the health of a wide range of consumers.

Determination of the composition of a combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients of the herbal medicinal product with the hepatoprotective action

O. O. Dobrovolnyi — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To study the recommended doses and calculate the component composition of a combination of the amorphous solid dispersion of silymarin, the dry artichoke leaf extract and the dry peppermint leaf extract for its further use as part of medicinal products for the treatment of diseases of the hepatobiliary system.

Materials and methods. The study object was the combination of the amorphous solid dispersion of silymarin, the artichoke leaf dry extract and the peppermint leaf dry extract. To determine the recommended doses of individual components of the combination, the bibliosemantic method was used. To calculate the component composition of the combination, data from monographs of the European Medicines Agency and the Commission E were used.

Results. Based on the pharmacological properties and recommended doses of the individual components, the composition of the combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients of plant origin was developed. The content of the solid dispersion of silymarin in one dosage of the combined product was set at the equivalent of 35 mg of silymarin calculated with reference to silibinin corresponding to 162.2-191.7 mg of the substance. The content of the artichoke leaf dry extract in one dosage of the combined product was 100 mg. The content of the dry peppermint leaf extract in one dosage of the combined product was set at 125 mg. The total content of active pharmaceutical ingredients in one dosage unit of the medicinal product was within 387.2-416.7 mg. The daily dose was set within 6 single doses. Considering the pharmaco-technological properties of the components of the combination, as well as taking into account the properties of Syloid^® XDP 3150 as a carrier of the solid dispersion of silymarin, the optimal dosage form for the combination developed is hard gelatin capsules. The composition of the combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients determined in this study will provide a wide range of the pharmacological activity of the herbal medicinal product, namely: hepatoprotective, hepatoregenerative, anticholestatic, lipid-lowering and antispasmodic effects.

Conclusions. It has been determined that the active ingredients of the API combination of the hepatoprotective herbal medicinal product are the amorphous solid dispersion of silymarin, the artichoke leaf dry extract and the peppermint leaf dry extract. It has been calculated that the component composition of the individual ingredients of the combination in one dosage unit of the medicinal product should be: the equivalent of 35 mg of silymarin in the form of an amorphous solid dispersion, 100 mg of the artichoke leaf dry extract and 125 mg of the peppermint leaf dry extract. It has been found that, considering the pharmaco-technological properties of the components of the combination, the optimal dosage form for the combination developed is hard gelatin capsules.

Analysis of the retail pharmaceutical market of analgesic drugs Meloxicam and Nalbuphine included in military first aid kits since the beginning of hostilities in Ukraine

I. O. Fediak, I. V. Oktysiuk — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To analyze the range and physical and socio-economic availability of analgesic drugs (ADs) based on the international nonproprietary names (INN) Meloxicam (M01AC06) and Nalbuphine (N02AF02), which have been or are currently included in military first aid kits since the beginning of hostilities in Ukraine.

Materials and methods. The study used data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine and the online drug search and reservation service Tabletki.ua for May 2025. Methods of comparison, systematization, and statistical analysis of prices and availability in pharmacies in Ivano-Frankivsk were applied, using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) and the interquartile range (IQR).

Results. Analgesic drugs with INN “Meloxicam” used in the form of tablets or ampoules in the individual military first aid kit (IMFAK) or other first-aid kits for military needs were represented by a wider range in the local retail market and were more affordable than INN “Nalbuphine”. Thus, according to the analysis, as of May 2025, the pharmaceutical market of Ivano-Frankivsk offered 29 trade names (TNs) of Meloxicam and 7 TNs of Nalbuphine. The PCC calculation showed no linear relationship between the price and the number of pharmacies offering the drugs studied, while the IQR coefficient indicated the market stability for both INNs. In general, drugs produced by Ukrainian manufacturers were found to be the most affordable.

Conclusions. The range of analgesic drugs based on Meloxicam is broader than that of Nalbuphine. The economic feasibility of using Meloxicam, along with its higher safety applications, has been confirmed by price stability and a greater number of the market offers in the pharmaceutical sector.

Conceptual approaches and the current state of the atherosclerosis treatment in Ukraine

O. Ye. Bohutska, T. V. Sevastianova, T. A. Popovych — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To study the range of medicines for the pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis and determine the latest approaches to the treatment of atherosclerosis using drugs with a combined mechanism of action.

Materіals and methods. The study objects in this work were antiatherosclerotic medicines. The work used a logical, systematic, and structural analysis of scientific sources, taking into account their main pharmacological characteristics (the mechanism of action, effectiveness, side effects, etc.), their trade names, manufacturing countries, dosage forms, etc. To search for medicines, an information system, including the State Register of Medicinal Products, “Drug Control”, Clinical protocols for medical care and prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as Rx Index, Compendium etc., was used.

Results. The paper provides information on the study of the range of medicines for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and the prospects for finding new drugs of this group with different mechanisms of action. According to the results of the study, the ratio of domestic and foreign-produced medicines presented in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine has been determined. It has been found that the share of domestic medicines is only about 11 %, which determines the need to expand their range. They are mainly available in the form of tablets, capsules and solutions for injections. Therefore, the range of dosage forms is limited and also needs to be expanded for the convenience of using the drugs. The pharmacological features of the main groups of drugs used to treat atherosclerosis (statins, fibrates, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, PCSK9 inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, angioprotectors, antioxidants, etc.) are described. Their mechanism of action, complications of pharmacotherapy and ways to overcome them through to overcome the combination therapy are highlighted. Prospects for the search for new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis are presented.

Conclusions. According to the results of the studies conducted, it has been found that in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, most of the medicines for the treatment of atherosclerosis are of foreign production. Their import substitution with effective and safe medicines is one of the tasks of modern pharmacy. Taking into account the individual characteristics of patients provides more effective and safe treatment. The main areas of the search for new medicines are the creation of combined drugs, the use of the latest innovative drugs, and the combination therapy using medicines of natural origin.

The electrocardiographic assessment of the effect of paracetamol and celecoxib on the heart condition in rats with acute heat injury

P. O. Chuykova, S. Yu. Shtrygol’ — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To compare the effects of paracetamol and celecoxib on electrocardiographic indicators of the heart function under conditions of acute heat injury.

Materials and methods. The acute heat injury model was reproduced in 32 male white rats kept in a thermostat at +55 °C for 30 min. The animals were divided into four groups: intact control, control pathology, rats treated with paracetamol (125 mg/kg), and rats receiving celecoxib (8.4 mg/kg). Two hours after the heat exposure, the electrocardiogram was recorded under thiopental anesthesia to assess the key heart function parameters.

Results. After the heat exposure, all rats exhibited hyperthermia, which was the most pronounced in the control pathology group. Paracetamol and celecoxib significantly reduced the severity of hyperthermia. In the control pathology group, against the background of the sinus rhythm, the QT interval significant prolongation was observed, indicating an increased risk of arrhythmias, along with an elevated systolic index, suggesting a decreased myocardial contractility. Both drugs do not affect the heart’s pacemaker, do not disrupt the atrioventricular conduction and the heart rate. The use of paracetamol significantly reduced the duration of the QRS complex, normalized the QT interval, and eliminated the increase in the systolic index, while celecoxib effectively improved myocardial contractility, but prolonged the QT interval, which could increase the risk of arrhythmias in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Paracetamol has advantages over celecoxib as а thermoprotector in terms of reducing the risk of arrhythmias, particularly in patients with the history of the prolonged QT interval.

Conclusions. In acute heat injury, celecoxib and paracetamol effectively reduce hyperthermia and normalize impaired cardiac contractility. Рaracetamol as a thermoprotective agent may have advantages over celecoxib in terms of the safety of myocardial electrophysiological parameters, particularly by avoiding the QT interval prolongation.

The study of the chemical composition and comparative analysis of the total antioxidant capacity of blackberry (Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees) leaves and fruits

A. O. Marchenko, M. A. Komisarenko , O. Yu. Maslov, S. V. Kolisnyk — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To study the chemical composition and comparative analysis of the total antioxidant capacity of blackberry (Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees) leaves and fruits.

Materials and methods. The content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by the spectrophotometric method, whereas organic acids were determined by the alkalimetric method; the antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained was evaluated by the potentiometric method.

Results. The total antioxidant capacity of blackberry leaves and fruits was 240.44 and 71.20 mmol-equiv./m_{dry weight}, respectively. Comparing the total antioxidant capacity of blackberry leaves and fruits at same molar concentration (0.03 mol/L), it was equal 26.00 and 35.60 mmol-equiv./m_{dry weight}, respectively. The total content of phenolic compounds was 46.02 and 10.00 mg/mL calculated with reference to gallic acid, catechins – 24.22 mg/mL calculated with reference to epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (absent in fruits), anthocyanins – 9.60 mg/mL calculated with reference to cyanidin-3-glucoside, flavonoids – 16.54 mg/mL calculated with reference to rutin (absent in fruits), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives – 18.00 mg/mL calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid (absent in fruits) and organic acids – 22.40 and 22.20 mg/mL calculated with reference to citric acid in blackberry leaf and fruit extracts obtained during the sequential exhaustive extraction, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that there was a very high positive dependence of the antioxidant capacity and the total content of phenolic compounds, catechins and anthocyanins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in blackberry leaf and fruit extracts.

Conclusions. The total antioxidant capacity of R. plicatus leaves was higher than that of its fruits; however, when compared at the same molar concentration, the fruits exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity. The analysis of biologically active substances and the antioxidant capacity of R. plicatus extracts demonstrated that the aqueous extract contained a significant amount of biologically active compounds, as well as exhibited a pronounced antioxidant capacity. The quantification showed that catechins were the main group among the phenolic compounds in R. plicatus leaves, while anthocyanins predominated in fruits. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive linear relationship between the antioxidant capacity and the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, catechins and anthocyanins in the case of fruits, while the weakest correlation was observed for organic acids. These results can be used to develop optimal technologies for producing drugs based on R. plicatus leaf and fruit extracts

Analysis of clinical pharmacists’ awareness on adverse effects of beta-lactam antibiotics: focus on cross-reactivity

Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To assess the level of awareness of students (clinical pharmacists) of advanced training in the specialization “Clinical Pharmacy” about adverse reactions of beta-lactam antibiotics and the level of cross-reactivity between these drugs.

Materials and methods. We developed a questionnaire and conducted an anonymous voluntary remote survey of 34 students specializing in “Clinical Pharmacy”. The survey instrument was a questionnaire containing multiple-choice questions to assess knowledge about the adverse reactions of beta-lactam antibiotics, which prescription was a significant component of all prescriptions of antimicrobial drugs, and the conditions for their prevention. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire questions were previously assessed by experts from the group who did not participate in the survey.

Results. The survey included participants working as clinical pharmacists in clinical healthcare institutions. It was determined that 62 % of respondents had up to 3 years of work experience in the specified position, 32 % had more than 10 years of work experience, and 6 % of respondents had 3 to 5 years of experience as a clinical pharmacist. It was found that clinical pharmacists were well aware of the groups of beta-lactam antibiotics, and most of them were well aware of the adverse reactions of these drugs. Most respondents identified the significance of allergic reactions and the presence of a high risk of cross-reactivity between groups of beta-lactam antibiotics, which was not consistent with current scientific data. Only 53 % of respondents correctly knew that the main factor in allergic reactions to cephalosporins was the side chains of the chemical structure of the drugs, and 59 % of respondents correctly named cephalosporins with side chains similar to penicillins, and therefore, there might be significant cross-reactivity between these agents. The majority of 85 % of respondents mistakenly believed that the frequency of cross-reactivity between penicillins and carbapenems was significant, and at the same time, the majority of 73 % participants were correctly aware of the low risk of cross-reactivity between penicillins and monobactams, while 50 % of clinical pharmacists correctly indicated ceftazidime as a drug that had cross-reactivity with aztreonam.

Conclusions. The results obtained show that clinical pharmacists are well aware of the adverse reactions of beta-lactam antibiotics and the lack of accurate knowledge about the factors and the risk of cross-reactivity between these drugs, which indicates the feasibility of constant updating and improvement of knowledge already at the stage of postgraduate education.

The study of the state and problems of pharmaceutical provision of orphan patients with medicines under managed entry agreements

V. M. Nazarkina, V. V. Tutuk, N. A. Sliptsova — Mon, 08 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To conduct a comprehensive study of the state and problems of providing orphan patients with innovative medicines purchased under managed entry agreements (MEA).

Materials and methods. The analysis, generalization, and systematization of regulatory and legal acts, scientific publications, analytical and reporting data, information from the official websites of authorized bodies (the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the central procurement organization SE “Medical Procurement of Ukraine,” State Expert Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine) and the “Prozorro” electronic procurement system regarding the purchase of orphan drugs under the terms of MEA were carried out.

Results. The analysis of global experience has shown that MEAs (financial or clinical outcome-based) are used to expand access to innovative high-cost medicines both at the state level and for individual patients. According to the results of the studies conducted it has been found that as of September 2025, 23 names of drugs (17 INNs) are purchased in Ukraine under the conditions of MEA; among them, 13 INNs are for the treatment of rare diseases (mucopolysaccharidosis, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, hemophilia A, primary (congenital) immunodeficiencies, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)). All these medicines have previously undergone a state health technology assessment (HTA), including a comparative evaluation of their effectiveness, safety, and impact on the budget, and have been recognized as the optimal option for providing therapy for rare diseases. The analysis of “Prozorro” data shows that some medicines were purchased in a decentralized manner prior to the signing of the MEA. Currently, due to changes in the legislation, a transparent multi-level MEA mechanism is being created with the possibility of attracting various sources of funding, which will increase the effectiveness, targeting, and availability of pharmaceutical care.

Conclusions. It has been proven that MEAs (also known as risk-sharing agreements) are a promising direction for improving the system of pharmaceutical provision for orphan patients who require continuous, high-cost treatment. The flexibility of the terms of MEAs makes it possible to expand the patients’ access to medicines, use rationally the limited financial resources, and collect real data on the clinical effectiveness of medicines. Key problems in the procurement of medicines under MEAs, such as insufficient transparency of the terms of agreements, lack of a patient registry, and a limited analytical base for evaluating clinical outcomes, have been identified.

Medical and pharmaceutical aspects of providing first aid in military field conditions: stability of injectable drugs

H. D. Slipchenko, A. A. Kosaeva — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

In modern combat conditions, the issue of emergency medical care on the front lines is becoming particularly relevant. First aid to the wounded is provided directly in the field – at the site of injury and during subsequent evacuation to the hospital. The prehospital stage is the initial link in the «chain of survival» and largely determines the effectiveness of subsequent stages of treatment. An important task is to critically analyze all aspects of care, including mortality rates and causes, especially those cases that could potentially be avoided. The use of injectable drugs in front-line conditions is justified due to their numerous advantages, which make them a key tool in providing emergency medical care.

Aim. To summarize the literature data on the analysis of the causes of death of the military personnel on the battlefield; to study the range of injectable drugs that should be included in the combat medic’s backpack, as well as the stability of individual drugs used in combat conditions.

Materials and methods. The scientific literature and modern approaches to the use of ready-made injectable drugs in combat conditions were analyzed. The stability of drugs, such as tranexamic acid, ondansetron, and dexketoprofen stored in boxes in combat positions were studied. The quantitative determination of active substances was performed using absorption spectrophotometry (dexketoprofen) and HPLC (tranexamic acid and ondansetron). The statistical processing of the results was performed according to generally accepted methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

Results. The article analyzes the data of literary sources on medical conditions that pose a threat to the lives of the military personnel during combat operations. The rapid initiation of medical care is a decisive factor in increasing the victim’s chances of survival and recovery of physical functions. The critical importance of this aspect is due to the concept of the «golden hour» – the first 60 minutes after injury when effective and skilled medical care can significantly reduce the risk of fatal complications and help to stabilize the condition. During this period of time, the priority is to control bleeding, ensure airway patience, stabilize vital functions, and prepare for further evacuation. The range of drugs most commonly used to reduce the risk of mortality and prevent life-threatening conditions has been studied. Pre-filled syringes as drugs used on the battlefield and alternative packaging for injectable drugs have been considered. Quality control of drugs stored in 3D-printed boxes has been performed.

Conclusions. The literature sources on the stages of providing emergency care on the front lines have been summarized and injectable drugs suitable for military first-aid kits have been studied. An experimental quality check of tranexamic acid, ondansetron, and dexketoprofen has been conducted; it has confirmed their compliance with standards within 3–6 months of storage. The use of special 3D-printed boxes for syringes filled with drugs from ampoules is promising.

The study on the effectiveness of training courses at the stage of adaptation of young professionals to working conditions in pharmacies

O. V Sevriukov — Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To analyze current approaches to organizing training courses at the stage of adaptation of young professionals to working conditions in pharmacies and assess their effectiveness.

Materials and methods. The study was based on the analysis, generalization, and systematization, as well as sociological (survey), statistical, descriptive, and graphical methods. The study object was the system of organizing training for young pharmacy specialists at the stage of professional adaptation. An online survey of 2,260 pharmacy employees who underwent specialized training at the educational center of the company “Pharmacy 9-1-1” during 2023–2025 was conducted.

Results. The main conditions and directions of the pharmaceutical personnel adaptation in the workplace have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of the content and effectiveness of the training course on the adaptation of new pharmacy employees, which is conducted at the corporate training center of the company “Pharmacy 9-1-1” according to a specially developed program and is aimed at developing the competencies of pharmacists in accordance with the current requirements of professional standards and the labor market, has been conducted. Based on the results of the survey, a comprehensive assessment of the satisfaction of the information needs of the trainees and the achievement of specific goals, the content of the training course and the pedagogical skills of the trainer/teacher has been made; and problematic issues in the organization of training and areas for improving the adaptation program have been identified. It has been found that the vast majority of specialists (96.2 %) achieved the desired learning outcomes. The optimal organization of training (professional, substantive, modern) has been also emphasized, in particular in terms of remote access, using modern information and communication technologies. The analysis shows that applicants highly appreciate not only the process of acquiring important knowledge, skills, and abilities, but also the provision of appropriate psychological support, which instills love for the profession, respect for colleagues and company ideals, confidence in oneself and one’s choice, which ultimately motivates them to achieve high results, self-development, and dedication to the profession.

Conclusions. The relevance of the implementation of projects on the adaptation, training, and development of the personnel is due to dynamic changes in legislation and the development of innovative technologies, which requires constant updating of knowledge and the formation of new digital competencies. Training courses and workshops for new pharmacy employees not only contribute to the professional development of the staff, but also increase the company’s competitiveness, ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, promote digital transformation, and form a qualified and loyal team capable of providing a high level of pharmaceutical care.

The study of the acute toxicity and pharmacological activity of the Salvia splendens herb thick extract

Yu. A. Berkalo, V. Yu. Kuznetsova — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To study the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the Salvia splendens herb thick extract.

Materials and methods. To study the acute toxicity, the Salvia splendens herb thick extract was administered to experimental animals in the dose of 5000 mg/kg. When assessing the anti-inflammatory activity, the anti-exudative effect was studied in a model of acute paw edema in rats caused by subplantar administration of 0.1 ml of 1 % carrageenan solution under the aponeurosis of the hind right limb. The effectiveness of the application was evaluated compared to animals of the control pathology group and reference drugs – diclofenac sodium in the dose of 8 mg/kg and quercetin in the dose of 50 mg/kg. The activity of oxidative processes was evaluated by the catalase activity and the content of TBA-reactive products.

Results. The acute toxicity study has not revealed any cases of mortality in experimental animals when administered in the dose of 5000 mg/kg, indicating the absence of toxic effects of the extract studied in overdose. It has been found that the extract, according to K. K. Sidorov classification, belongs to the class of practically non-toxic substances (LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg). When studying the anti-exudative activity, it has been determined that the extract under research has the anti-inflammatory effect and can be used for the further development of drugs aimed at reducing the inflammatory process in the body. However, the extracts studied do not have a sufficient level of the antioxidant activity and cannot actively suppress oxidative stress in the inflammatory process.

Conclusions. It has been determined that the Salvia splendens herb thick extract belongs to the class of practically non-toxic substances. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract studied is manifested by inhibition of exudative processes. The antioxidant activity assessment has shown its low effectiveness in suppressing oxidative stress in the inflammatory process

The study of the antimicrobial activity of a new anhydrous gel “Hypericum-derma” for the treatment of purulent wounds

Mon, 08 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To determine the phytochemical composition and study the antimicrobial activity of a new anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” for the treatment purulent wounds.

Materials and methods. The study objects were the anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” containing α-arbutin, clotrimazole, lidocaine hydrochloride, the Hypericum perforatum herb extract, the Crataegus monogyna leaf and flower extract. The quantitative determination of the main biologically active compounds was performed by spectrophotometric and titrimetric method of analysis; the antimicrobial effect was assessed using the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC).

Results. The total content of polyphenols was 0.45 %, flavonoids – 0.35 %, organic acids – 0.16 %, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives – 0.20 % and anthracene derivatives – 0.02 % in the anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm”. The experimental studies showed that the anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” was active against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.0 mm), Proteus vulgaris (25.0 mm), Escherichia coli (25.0 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (26.0 mm), Bacillus subtilis (25.0 mm) and Candida albicans (23.0 mm). The MIC values of the “Hypericum-Derm” gel was 0.018 mg/mL against S. aureus and B. subtillis, 0.035 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, E. coli and C. albicans, which was 10 times lower than the MIC values of the reference drug “Levomekol”.

Conclusions. The phytochemical composition of the anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” has been determined: phenolic compounds and flavonoids dominate in the gel, while anthracene derivatives have been found in the smallest amount. The anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” has shown a high antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Thus, the anhydrous gel “Hypericum-Derm” can be used to treat purulent-necrotic wounds

Development and study of nanogels and nanoparticles with anti-inflammatory drugs for local application in periodontal pockets

V. M. Khomenko, O. I. Prosandyeyeva — Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Aim. To analyze and systematize data on modern and promising nanotechnological methods (in particular, nanogels and nanoparticle composites) for the treatment of periodontitis with a focus on local drug delivery systems.

Materials and methods. The method of systematic review and biblio-semantic analysis of scientific medical literature was used for the analysis; 78 sources of information were processed, of which 13 were selected for detailed review. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were also used to search for information. The study object was modern nanotechnological drug delivery systems.

Results. Nanoparticle-hydrogel composites (nanogels) show significant advantages over individual components, providing multi-medication therapy, high bio-adhesiveness, and controlled drug release. The high potential of chitosan as a multifunctional platform for antimicrobial and regenerative therapy has been confirmed.

Conclusions. Nanogel systems are a promising platform for local drug delivery in periodontal pockets, capable of providing a targeted, controlled therapeutic effect and overcoming the problem of the short residence time of traditional dosage forms.